Women’s Economic Roles in Islamic Law: The Life and Legacy of Sayyida Khadija: Lessons from a Remarkable Woman – Shaykh Irshaad Sedick
This is the third (and final) in a series of articles based on the On-Demand Course Women’s Economic Roles in Islamic Law which offers a deep dive into the economic roles and responsibilities of women as outlined in Islamic sacred law by examining both historical and contemporary perspectives.
In the annals of Islamic history, few figures stand as tall as Sayyida Khadija bint Khuwaylid, the first wife of Prophet Muhammad (Allah bless him and give him peace). Known for her integrity, wisdom, and unwavering support, she played a pivotal role during the formative years of Islam.
To understand Sayyida Khadija, we must first examine her lineage and societal status. She was a member of the Quraysh tribe, a lineage shared with the Prophet Muhammad (Allah bless him and give him peace) through their common great-great-grandfather, Qusay. Being from the Banu Asad clan of Quraysh, Khadija enjoyed a position of honor and nobility. Furthermore, she hailed from a wealthy family, which afforded her significant influence in a society where material wealth was synonymous with power.
Despite her prestige, Khadija was renowned for her purity and integrity, even before the advent of Islam. Known as “At-Tahira,” or “the Pure One,” she maintained her reputation for virtue amidst a society that often compromised morality for wealth and status. It is noteworthy that, unlike many women of her time, who followed societal trends, she stood out by adhering to her principles.
Khadija was a successful businesswoman, employing men in her caravan trading enterprises. Her wisdom, truthfulness, and modesty are qualities we, as Muslims, strive to emulate today. These traits were evident even before her marriage to the Prophet Muhammad (Allah bless him and give him peace).
The Context of Seventh-Century Arabia
To appreciate Khadija’s significance, we must understand the context of seventh-century Arabia – a male-dominated society where women had limited rights and were often viewed as property. In such an environment, Khadija’s achievements as a powerful and respected businesswoman are remarkable. She employed men in her ventures, which was a significant departure from the norms of her time.
Khadija’s integrity and high moral standards allowed her to navigate this patriarchal society successfully. She was not only a figure of wealth but also wielded considerable political influence in Makka. It is essential to recognize the strength she possessed to maintain her integrity and status amid such societal constraints.
The Marriage to the Prophet Muhammad (Allah bless him and give him peace)
The relationship between Khadija and Muhammad is one of mutual respect and admiration. Their marriage was unconventional; Khadija was 40 years old and had been married twice before, while Muhammad was only 25. However, her choice was not driven by superficial traits such as wealth or lineage. Instead, it was Muhammad’s exceptional character that drew her to him.
As a business associate, Khadija observed Muhammad’s integrity and honesty during their trading expeditions. Maysarah, her servant, reported miraculous signs and the Prophet’s outstanding conduct. His reputation as “Al-Amin,” the trustworthy, resonated throughout Makka. These qualities, combined with his noble lineage, convinced Khadija of his worthiness as a partner.
When the time came for her to propose marriage, Khadija took the initiative, a remarkable step for a woman in her society. She expressed her interest in Muhammad to Maysarah, who then facilitated the proposal. Their marriage marked the beginning of a profound partnership, with Khadija being the Prophet’s only wife for 25 years.
A Supportive Partner in Revelation
One of the most remarkable aspects of Khadija’s life was her unwavering support for the Prophet during the early days of his mission. Prior to the revelation, the Prophet often retreated to the cave of Hira, where he would reflect and meditate. Khadija managed their household, ensuring that he had the time and space to seek spiritual enlightenment. She prepared supplies for his retreats, demonstrating her deep understanding of his needs.
When the first revelation came to the Prophet, he returned to Khadija trembling with fear and uncertainty. In that vulnerable moment, she comforted him, saying, “Never by God! Allah will never disgrace you.” Her confidence in him, despite the absence of divine scriptures at that time, showcased her profound faith and recognition of his character. Khadija reminded him of his virtues: his truthfulness, kindness to the poor, and ability to unite hearts.
This pivotal moment marked the beginning of her journey alongside him as the first Muslim. Khadija’s steadfast belief in his mission became a source of strength, propelling both of them forward in the face of adversity.
Enduring Legacy
As the Prophet began to openly preach Islam, Khadija’s support only grew. She provided financial backing and emotional strength, making her home a sanctuary for early Muslims. Even during the harsh boycotts imposed by the Quraysh tribe, it was Khadija’s connections that allowed sustenance to reach the Prophet and his followers.
Khadija’s influence extended beyond her lifetime. The Prophet Muhammad (Allah bless him and give him peace) held her memory dear, often speaking of her with deep affection. His love for her was evident in the way he honored her memory after her passing. Years later, he would send portions of meat from his sacrifices to her friends and family, highlighting the enduring bond he had with her.
Lessons from Khadija’s Life
Khadija’s life offers several invaluable lessons for contemporary society:
- Integrity and Character: Khadija exemplified integrity and character. She rose above societal expectations, demonstrating that true nobility is measured not by wealth or status but by one’s actions and intentions.
- Support and Partnership: A strong partnership is essential for success, particularly in challenging times. Khadija’s unwavering support of the Prophet during his most vulnerable moments emphasizes the importance of standing by loved ones in times of need.
- Pursuit of Knowledge and Growth: Education and personal growth were pivotal in Khadija’s life. She understood the value of knowledge and integrity, and her pursuit of these qualities allowed her to be a beacon of strength for the early Muslim community.
- Using Wealth for Good: Khadija’s financial success was used to support a higher cause. Her example shows that wealth can be a tool for positive change when used for noble purposes.
- Balance Between Dunya and Akhira: Khadija’s life reminds us of the importance of balancing worldly success with spiritual fulfillment. It encourages pursuing goals that benefit both this life and the Hereafter.
In conclusion, Sayyida Khadija (Allah be pleased with her) is a figure whose life serves as an inspiration for all. Her legacy as a successful businesswoman, a devoted wife, and a woman of exceptional character continues to resonate today. As we reflect on her life, let us strive to learn from her example and embody the qualities she exemplified. May Allah grant us the ability to emulate her strength, wisdom, and integrity.
